voice change

                                    VOICE CHANGE

Active voice: When the subject is the doer of the action it is called to be in the active voice.
Passive voice: When something is done to the subject it is called to be in the passive voice.

He plays cricket.... (Active) .....Subject+ verb + object.

Cricket is played by him. ...(Passive) ....Object + auxiliary verb + main verb3 + by Subject.

TO CHANGE AN ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE, THE BASIC IS TO CHANGE THE FORMS OF VERB. IT IS HERE.


        Active........................................................Passive
    Verb1/ e/es................................................. am/is/are + verb3
    Verb2........................................................... was/were +verb3
    Has/have......................................................has/have + been +verb3
    Had.............................................................. had +been+ verb 3
    Am/is/are + verb ing form...........................am/is/are + being + verb3
    Was /were +verb ing form.......................... was/were +being + verb3
    Can............................................................... Can + be + verb 3
    Could.............................................................Could + be + verb.                
    Will............................................................... Will +be + verb 3
    Would............................................................would +be+verb3
    Should.......................................................... Should + be + verb 3
    May................................................................May +be + verb 3
    Might..............................................................Might +be + verb 3

EXAMPLES AGAINST EACH CHANGE OF VERB FORMS

1.  I read (1) the Telegraph. Active
Passive: The Telegraph is read (3) by me.

2. He teaches (es) English. Active
Passive: English is taught by him.

3. She drinks (s) tea. Active
Passive: Tea is drunk by her.

4. The girl is singing a song. Active
Passive: A song is being sung by the girl.

5. My brother was drawing pictures. Active
Passive: Pictures were being drawn by my brother.

6. Tina has broken the flower vase. Active
The flower vase has been broken by Tina.

7. Tina has broken two cups. Active
Passive: Two cups have been broken by Tina.

8. The boy can drive any car. Active
Passive: Any car can be driven by the boy.

VOICE CHANGE OF NEGATIVE SENTENCE

If the negative sentence is formed with 'do or does' not in active voice, do or does is changed into am/is/ are in passive voice.
Ex: I do not like coffee. Active
Passive: Coffee is not liked by me.

He does not call his friends. Active
Passive: His friends are not called by him.

When negative sentence is formed with 'did', in its place was or were is used.

Ex:  My sister did not receive my call. Active
Passive: My call was not received by my sister.
We did not see them. Active
Passive: They were not seen by us.

In other cases only not is used. To make negative sentence. And it is placed after the first verb in passive.

VOICE CHANGE OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Interrogative sentence is formed in two ways.

A) WH WORD (who, which, what, when, where, how) + verb + subject + object? Active

WH WORD (who, which, what, when, where, how) auxiliary verb + object + main verb 3 + by Subject? In passive do/ does becomes am/ is / are  and did becomes was/ were.

Ex: When do you take launch? Active
Passive: When is launch taken by you?

How did you solve the sums? Active
Passive: How were the sums solved by you?

Where has he found this precious coin? Active
Passive: Where has this precious coin been found by him?

Who has seen the wind? Active
Passive : By whom has the wind been seen?  (Here the subject is Who itself. And after any preposition whom is used as objective form of who. So by whom .............. is the structure) ่

What do you want? Active
Passive: What is wanted by you? ( Here what is the subject itself. So after what be verb is used)

What can I do with a seed? Active
Passive: what can be done with a seed by me?

B) Do/ does/ did + subject + main verb + object? Active

Passive: Am/ is/ are/ was/ were + object+ main verb3 + by Subject?

Does he like tea? Active
Passive: Is tea liked by him?

Do you love me? Active
Passive: Am I loved by you?

Did they write any letter? Active
Passive: Was any letter written by them?

C) Can/ could/ May/ should/ must/ will/ would + Subject + main verb + object? Active

Passive: Can/ could/ May/ should/ must/ will/ would  Object + be+ main verb 3 + by Subject?

Ex: Can you play chess? Active
Passive: Can chess be played by you?

Should he make this? Active
Passive: Should this be made by him?

VOICE CHANGE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

An IMPERATIVE sentence asks someone to do something. It may have an object or not. It may also begin with let in active voice.
Sentence structure: VERB + OBJECT. Active
Passive: Let + Object + be+ verb3

IMPERATIVE sentence with object.

Ex: Open the door. Active
Passive: Let the door be opened.

Switch off the lights. Active
Passive: Let the lights be switched off.

Close the gate. Active
Passive: Let the gate be closed.

Change the voice. Active
Passive: Let the voice be changed.

Help the poor. Active
Passive: The poor should be helped.

Obey your elders. Active
Passive: Your elders should be obeyed.

Keep your word. Active
Passive: Your word should be kept.

IMPERATIVE sentence without object and begin with please.
Ex:
Keep quiet. Active
Passive: You are requested to keep quiet.

Please come here. Active
Passive: You are requested to come here.

Please go there. Active
Passive: You are requested to go there.

Please do not make noise. Active
Passive: You are requested not to make noise.

Do not smoke here. Active
Passive: You are prohibited to smoke here.

IMPERATIVE sentence with let.

Ex: Let me do this. Active
Passive: Let it be done by me.

Let Ram not do it. Active
Passive: Let it not be done by Ram.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH TWO OBJECTS it means that the verb has two OBJECTS. When these sentences are changed into passive, one object remains the same. Then the object is called retained object.

Ex: He gave me (indirect object) a costly watch ( direct object). Active
Passive: A costly watch was given to me by him.  Or
I was given a costly watch by him. Here in both the sentences me or watch remains object as in active voice. Hence it is called retained object.

I sent him a letter. Active
Passive: A letter was sent to him by me.

Father told me a story. Active
Passive: A story was told to me by father.

Mother bought me a nice gift. Active
Passive: A nice gift was bought for me by mother.

PASSIVE VOICE OF A SENTENCE WITH INTRANSITIVE VERB IS NOT POSSIBLE. BUT WHEN AN INTRANSITIVE VERB TAKES A COGNATE OBJECT, PASSIVE IS DONE.

Ex: The baby sleeps. Passive is not possible of this sentence as the verb has no object.
The baby sleeps a sound sleep. Active
Passive: A sound sleep is slept by the baby.

He ran a race. Active
Passive: A race was run by him.

He dreamt a sweet dream. Active
Passive: A sweet dream was dreamt by him.

The soldiers fought a fight.  Active
Passive: A fight was fought by the soldiers.

He smiled. VOICE of this y is not possible.  But
He smiled at the man. Active
Passive: The man was smiled at by him.

VOICE CHANGE OF COMPLEX SENTENCE: Both principle and subordinate clauses are changed into passive.
Ex: We know that he did the work. Active
Passive: It is known to us that the work was done by him.

What we cannot cure we must endure. Active
Passive: What cannot be cured must be endured.

He told me that he had seen this. Active
Passive: I was told that this had been seen by him.

PASSIVE VOICE WITHOUT 'BY'

Verbs like annoy, please, charm, know, marry, surprise, fill, etc.
Ex: The sight charmed us very much. Active
Passive: We were charmed at the sight.

Rajesh married Rina. Active
Passive: Tina was married to Rajesh.

 Your behavior annoys me. Active
Passive: I am annoyed at your behavior.

I know the man. Active
Passive: The man is known to me.

VOICE CHANGE OF FACTITIVE OBJECTS:  When some verbs do have their object but cannot express complete sense, it requires some other words. Then it is called factitive object.

Ex: We made him the king. Active
Passive: He was made the king (by us).

They elected him the president. Active
Passive: He was elected the president (by us).

The committee appointed Mr Sen the principal. Active
Passive:  Mr Sen was appointed the principal by the committee.

We call him our hero. Active
Passive: He is called our hero.

QUASI PASSIVE VOICE. Some transitive verbs that are active in form but passive in sense, it is called quasi passive.
Ex: Honey tastes sweet. Active
Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

The books read well. Active
Passive: The books are well when they are read.

The stone feels hard. Active
Passive: Stone is hard when it is felt.

The house is building. Active
Passive: The house is being built.

The books are printing. Active
Passive: The books are being printed.

The bell is ringing. Active
Passive: The bell is being rung.

The counch blows. Active
Passive: The counch is blown.

The girl looks beautiful. Active
Passive: The girl is beautiful when she is looked at.


PASSIVE WITH INFINITIVES:
TO + VERB 1 ...............Active
Passive........... TO + BE + VERB 3

Ex: It is time to close the shop. Active
Passive: It is time for the shop to be closed.

I have to buy some clothes. Active
Passive: Some clothes have to be bought by me.

I am to submit the papers today. Active
Passive: The papers are to be submitted today by me.

I have promises to keep. Active
Passive: I have to be kept.

IN ACTIVE VOICE SOME VERBS DO NOT TAKE INFINITIVE TO AFTER THEM. BUT IN PASSIVE VOICE TO MUST BE USED.
EX: I saw him go. Active
Passive: He was seen by me to go.

He made us laugh. Active
Passive: We were made to laugh by him.

He help me solve the sums. Active
Passive: I am helped by him to solve the sums.

VERB +'PREPOSITION + OBJECT: In passive the preposition is used immediately after the verb.
Ex: We must write to him. Active
Passive: He must be written to.

My sister is listening to music. Active
Passive: Music is being listened to by my sister.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH REFLEXIVE OBJECT : reflexive object cannot be changed into subject in passive.
EX: He killed himself. Active
Passive: He was killed by himself.

The girl hurt herself. Active
Passive: The girl was hurt by herself.

PASSIVE WITH GERUNDS
EX: I remember him taking me  to the zoo. Active
Passive: I remember him being taken  to the zoo.

He wants people helping him. Active
Passive: He wants being helped.

I appreciate giving this chance. Active
Passive: I appreciate being given this chance.

VOICE CHANGE OF THE + GERUNDS + OF + OBJECT
EX: I saw the opening of the new theater. Active
Passive: I saw the new theater being opened.

We saw the feeding of the kits. Active
Passive: We saw the kits being fed.

OMISSION OF SOME WORDS IN PASSIVE BUT USED IN ACTIVE.
Ex: One should keep one's promises. Active
Passive: Promises should be kept.

Some one has picked my pocket. Active
Passive: My pocket has been picked.

We can gain nothing without effort. Active
Passive: Without effort nothing can be gained.

We call tiger our national animal. Active
Passive: Tiger is called our national animal.

I was obliged to leave the place. Active
Passive: Circumstances obliged me to leave the place.

The police arrested the thief. Active
Passive: The thief was arrested. (DOER IS OBVIOUS)


SOME INTRANSITIVE VERBS WITHOUT PASSIVE FORMS
EX: Appear, belong, comprise, consist, despair, die disappear, issue, occur, wonder, happen  , arrive, seem, indulge, perish,  etc.
The house is consisted of five rooms. Wrong
Right: The house consists of five rooms.

The car is belonged to me. Wrong
Right: The car belongs to me.

He was died last month. Wrong
Right: He died last month.