CONCEPT OF COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence is one in which there are one principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
What is a clause?
A clause is a part of a sentence with subject and predicate but cannot express complete sense. It mainly forms a part of a sentence.
I know that he is a very good person. This sentence has two parts, or two classes. Main clause and subordinate clause.
'I know' it is the main clause. It can form a sentence without the rest part of the sentence.
'That he is a very good person,' is the subordinate clause. It cannot express a complete sense.
Rabindranath is a great poet who composed poems, short stories and novels. Here '-who composed poems, short stories and novels'-is subordinate clause. It cannot express that Rabindranath is a great poet.
NOUN CLAUSE: When a clause works as a noun, it is called noun clause. It has the same function that a noun has.
USE OF NOUN CLAUSE
A) As the subject: That the earth is round round (subject) is known to all.
When the train will leave the station (subject) is not certain.
What he is doing there has not been known.
Where is he now is the mystery to us.
B) As the object to a verb: We know that the earth is round.
I(subject) know(verb) that he is ill (object).
He said that he was not there.
I know when he will come.
C) As object to a preposition: I know nothing of (preposition) what he will do (object).
It depends on how you will face the problem.
Listen to what the speaker is indicating.
Dr. Sen is proud of what his son has achieved.
D) As complement to a verb: That is (verb) what we want (complement).
The truth is, he is ill.
This is how I solved the sum.
D) As apposition to a noun or it: The news that he has met with an accident is true. Here ' that he has met with an accident' is the apposition to the noun news.
It is not true that he has come.
It is known that the minister will be at the program.
It is sure that the manager will resign.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:
An ADJECTIVE CLAUSE does the work of an adjective and qualifies a noun or pronoun.
I know the man who is your teacher.
In the above sentence who is your teacher qualifies the man. The clause says something more about the man. Hence it is an ADJECTIVE CLAUSE.
More EX: This is the book which was given to me by mother.
Look at the bird which is flying above the tree.
A stone which is rolling gathers no moss.
Linker of ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:
Person.............Who
Thing/ animal........which
Time..............when
Place..............where
Person's..............whose
To person............... whom
As and but are also used as linker.
Only such boys are selected as can speak English fluently.
There is none but does not want to be happy. (None who.....)
Sometimes 'that' is also used as linker. It has been discussed in the level PRONOUNS.
The noun or pronoun before the linker is called antecedent. After the linker verb is used according to the number and person of the antecedent.
The book (antecedent) which I bought (is) lost. Antecedent SINGULAR....verb SINGULAR
The books (antecedent) which I bought (are) lost. Antecedent PLURAL.....verb PLURAL
Antecedent and linker must be placed together.
The horses coming from Arabia which are in much demand. ..........wrong
The horses which are coming from Arabia are in much demand.........correct
The man came from The U.S. who is my friend. .........wrong
The man who came from The U.S. is my friend............correct
SOMETIMES RELATIVE PRONOUNS ARE OMITTED WHEN IT IS AN OBJECTIVE CASE
I have lost the book my mom gave me.
He has forgotten the promises he made.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE:
It does the work of an adverb and mentions TIME, PLACE, MANNER, PURPOSE, REASON, RESULT, CONDITION of an action.
A) TIME: As, whenever, When,while, after, before, till, in till, since, etc.
While he was wandering in the desert, he found a rare stone
I got the news when I was in Kolkata.
Father came after I had finished my homework.
Look before you leap.
While there is fire, there is smoke.
He came across me as he was passing that way.
B) PLACE: Where, wherever, etc
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
You may go wherever you want.
Stop where you are.
C) PURPOSE: That, so that, in order that, lest.
We eat that we may live.
He worked hard so that he might get enough money.
Walk fast lest you be left behind.
Walk slowly lest you should fall.
D) REASON: because, since, as ,that.
I am sorry that I have hurt you.
He can't come because he is ill.
As he is ill, he will not play.
Since I have promises to keep, I must go to them.
E) CONDITION: If, unless, in case, provided, whether.
If he comes, I will go out.
I will not go unless he comes.
I can let you leave, provided that you will come again.
we are willing to join them, in case we manage our boss.
F) RESULT: That, so that, such that.
I was so engaged that I couldn't receive your call.
What have I done, that he has left me?
G) CONTRAST: though, although, even if.
Although the man is very poor, he paid his debts.
Though I am late, I will go.
Though the circumstances is not favourable, we stay there for a month.
Even if it rains, the match will be held.
H) MANNER: As, as if.
Read as you like. It happened as we wished.
He did as he was instructed.
I) DEGREE: As, so as, than, as as, the.
You are taller than your brother.
He is not so intelligent as l.
The more we get, the more we want.
He is as hard as pavement.
JOINING TWO OR MORE SENTENCES IS NEXT TO BE PUBLISHED...
No comments:
Post a Comment