NARRATION

           NARRATION CHANGE

DIRECT: When the verb repeats the actual words of the speaker.

INDIRECT: When the verb gives the substance of the words spoken by the speaker.

He said (reporting verb), " I am ill (reported speech)." DIRECT
INDIRECT: He said that he was ill.

(,) Is changed into THAT.

(" ") ARE OMITTED When changing direct to indirect.

When the reporting verb is PRESENT OR FUTURE, THE TENSE OF THE REPORTED SPEECH IS NOT CHANGED.
Mother says, " I have cooked a delicious food." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Mother says that she has cooked a delicious food. (Both reporting verb and reported speech are in present tense)
He will say, " I have not seen anything." DIRECT
INDIRECT: He will say that he has not seen anything.

Tina said to Mini, " I have lost my phone." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Tina told Mini that she had lost her phone.

 'Said to' becomes told.

See how verb changes when reporting verb is PAST.

               DIRECT..................................INDIRECT
   A.        Verb1.................................... verb 2
   B.         Verb 2.................................. Had + verb 3
   C.        Am/ is/ are........ ...... ...........was/ were
    .          Was/ were.................'......... Had been
   D.         Has/ Have......................... . Had
   E.          Will......................................would
   F.          Can..................................... could
   G.           May................................... might
   H.          Must....................................Must

                      NARRATION OF ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

Father said to me, " You did very well in the examination." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Father told me that I had done very well in the examination.

The man said to Mini, " I know your brother." DIRECT
INDIRECT:  The man told Mini that he knew her brother.

He said, " I am drawing a picture." DIRECT
INDIRECT: He said that he was drawing a picture.

Ram said to Sham, " I was driving my car at a speed of 80 kph." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Ram told Sham that he was driving his car at a speed of 80  kph.

The boy said, " I was on my way to school." DIRECT
INDIRECT: The boy said that he had been on his way to school.

                    NARRATION OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
Said to here becomes asked. 'That' is not used.
Structure: VERB + subject + object/ complement?DIRECT
Structure:  If +Subject + verb + object/ complement. INDIRECT

He said to me, " Are you sleeping?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: He asked me if I was sleeping.

The teacher said to Mini, " Do you know how to start a computer?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: The teacher asked Mini if she knew how to start a computer.

(IN INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE 'DO/ DOES' IS OMITTED) ( 'DID' BECOMES HAD + VERB3 is used)

The doctor said to Sham, " Did you eat any fast food?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: The doctor asked Sham if he had eaten any fast food.

Mr Roy said to Mr Sen, " Can you help me solve this problem?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: Mr Roy asked Mr Sen if he could help him solve that problem.

                   NARRATION OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCE:
 An IMPERATIVE sentence begins with a verb and asks the second person to do something.
'THAT' is not used. 'TO' is used for joining the reported speech.
'Said to' becomes told / ordered/ advised / requested etc.

Teacher said to me, " Go to your classroom." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Teacher ordered me to go to my classroom.

Mother said to me, " Be quiet." DIRECT
INDIRECT: Mother ordered me to be quiet.

He said to me," Please give me your pen." DIRECT
INDIRECT: He requested me to give him my pen.

The guide said," Do not smoke here." DIRECT ( Do not= not to)
INDIRECT: The guide ordered not to smoke there. Or
The guide forbade to smoke there.

                         IMPERATIVE sentence with let:
He said to him," Let's arrange a picnic." (Suggestion ) said to becomes proposed or suggested. After that should is used.
He proposed that they should arrange a picnic.

The man said, " Let me come in."
The man requested that he might be allowed to come in. Let means request. Here might be allowed to is used.

                    INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE WITH WH WORD

She said to me, " who are you?" DIRECT
Structure: Wh word + verb + subject +  object?

INDIRECT: She asked me who I was.
Structure: wh word + Subject + verb +  object.

Father said to Rajesh, " How is your exam? DIRECT
INDIRECT: Father asked Rajesh how his exam was.

My friend said to me, "When will you be at the party? DIRECT
INDIRECT: My friend asked me when I would be at the party.

                  QUESTION TAG
Ram said to Sham, " The picture is very nice, isn't it?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: Ram asked Sham if the picture was very nice.

Ram said to Sham, " The picture is not very nice, is it?" DIRECT
INDIRECT: Ram asked Sham if the picture was very nice.  
        To Be continued..