GERUND

                                                          

                                                            GERUND             

 

VERB 1+ ING = GERUND. WHEN VERB + ING FORM WORKS AS A NOUN AND VERB IT IS CALLED GERUND.

USES OF GRUND:

A)     As the subject: Walking in the morning is a good habit. Reading news paper increases word stock. Painting is my hobby.

B)     As the object: I like dancing. He enjoys cycling. Stop smoking. Start running now.

C)     As object to a preposition: He is fond of playing chess. The man went on catching fish. He keeps on working. He disapproves of jogging. There is no point in waiting for him. After keep on, give up, leave off, Look forward to, put off, see about, care for, accustomed to, used to,  etc gerund is used.

D)     As complement: Seeing is believing. What I like is drawing.

E)      As compound noun: He is in the sleeping room.  My grandfather has a walking stick. Give me a glass of drinking water.

F)       As apposition to ‘it’: It is wise saying this. It is great consoling him.

G)     Gerund after ‘it is of no use’: It is of no use asking him for permission. It is of no use going there now.

H)     In prohibitions: No smoking. No parking. Using mobile phones is prohibited.

VERBAL NOUN: from THE + OF + GERUND

Ex: The dancing of Mamata Shankar is surprising. The batting of Sachin is excellent. The reading of novels is my only pass time. The teaching of James was inspiring.

List of verbs followed by gerund,

Avoid                    admit                    consider               defer                    defer                    deny

Detest                  dislike                   dread                    enjoy                    escape                 excuse

Fancy                    finish                    forgive                 imagine                involve

Mean                    miss                      pardon                 postpone             practice                              prevent

Propose               recollect              remember           resent                   resist                    risk

Stop                      suggest                understand.

Sentences:

a)      He avoids speaking to me these days.

b)      The servant admitted taking jewelry from the safe.

c)      He escaped being run over.

d)      My brother enjoys playing chess.

e)      I have understood his teaching.

f)       Stop behaving like a fool.

g)      The circumstances prevented me from going there.   

h)      He detests people annoying him.

 CANNOT HELP + GERUND.

EX: He cannot help laughing to see the sight. A poet cannot help being gay. I could not help crying. The old man could not help accepting my offer.

WORTH + GERUND

EX: It is no worth going out. There is no worth calling him now. It is worth eating something early.

OBJECT + GERUND

He insisted on my staying with him. He has objected to my playing there. We cannot prevent their quarreling with one another. The teacher has appreciated my scoring good marks in the exam.

MIND + GRUND

EX: Would you mind putting off the light? Would you mind passing the bottle? He did not mind going to the shop for me. Please do not mind my knocking you at mid-night.

               PASSIVE AND PERFECT GRUND

Perfect gerund is formed by having + verb third form. He denied having seen me. The servant was accused of having taken money. Passive gerund is formed by being + verb third form and having been + verb third form. I remember my father being taken me to the fair. There is proof of the letter of having been written. The burning butt shows sign of someone of having been here.

               ERRORS IN THE USE OF GERUND

A)     It is no use of you trying for the job. (wrong) It is no use of your trying for the job. (correct)

B)     We prevented them to fight. (wrong)  We prevented them from fighting. (correct)

C)     I am afraid to go out now. (wrong) I am afraid of going out now. (correct)

D)     The man could not help to shout and cry. (wrong) The man could not help to shouting and crying. (correct)

E)      He denied to speak anything. (wrong) He denied speaking anything. (correct)

F)      At last he succeeded to learn French. (wrong) At last he succeeded in learning French. (correct)

G)     I am looking forward to hear you soon. (wrong) I am looking forward to hearing you soon. (correct)