DIFFERENCE IN USES OF DIFFERENT WORDS

DIFFERENCE IN USES OF DIFFERENT WORDS

FEW (almost none): It has negative force.  It is used with countable noun.

FEW+ PLURAL NOUN + PLURAL VERB

Few boys are present in the class. Very few members agreed at the proposal.Few friends are ready to help the boy. I have few relatives. He has few rivals in the class.

A FEW (some): It has positive force.

A few boys are present in the class today. A few girls have brought flowers with them.

THE FEW (not many but all): The few boys are present in the class, are ready to continue their lessons. The few mangoes which I bought were very sweet.

LITTLE (almost nothing): It has negative force. It is used with uncountable noun.

LITTLE +SINGULAR NOUN + SINGULAR VERB

 There is little water in the pond. I have little time to waste.

A LITTLE (small quantity): A little effort will help you score good marks. There is a little room in the bus.

THE LITTLE (not much but all): The little water in the glass will fill my thirsty. The little rice I have for lunch, Will be shared.

A LOT OF/ LOTS OF + singular subject + singular verbs.

A lot of time has been spent to settle the problem. A lot of / lots of money has been spent for his treatment.

A LOT OF/ LOTS OF + plural subject + plural verb.

Ex: A lot of people / lots of people are coming to attend the meeting.

There are a lot of books / lots of books in the library. He makes mistakes lots of times (occasion).

SOMETIME ( formerly): He had been sometime a manager in the farm.

SOME TIME (period of time):  I have been waiting here for some time. Rest for some time. Keep quiet for some time.

SOMETIMES (occasionally): He is sometimes very rude. Sometimes I visit our relatives.

MUCH: It denotes quantity. He gave me much trouble. I am much surprised. MUCH money has been lost.

MANY: It denotes number.

MANY + PLURAL NOUN + PLURAL VERB.

Many books are lying scattered on the floor. There are many people who do not believe in ghosts.

TOO( excess): It refers to beyond limits. It is used with infinitive.

I am too weak to walk any longer. The boy is too old to reach the branch of the tree.

ENOUGH: It refers to exact/ necessary limit.

Ex: He is qualified enough to perform the duties. The man is brave enough to tell the truth.

A MANY: A + great + many + plural noun + plural verb.

Ex: A great many houses were destroyed in the flood.

MANY A: MANY A + SINGULAR NOUN + SINGULAR VERB.

Many a flower blooms unseen. Many a man has accepted the truth.

Many an actor fails to express their feelings.

EACH (one f two or more):

EACH + SINGULAR NOUN + SINGULAR VERB

Ex: Each boy was given a pen. Each of the two sons is very intelligent. Each boy and each girl is willing to participate in the program.

EVERY (more than two): Every student out of five has scored well. Everybody is very interested in music. Everybody must do his duty.

ANYONE: It is singular in form. It takes a singular verb.

Anyone is allowed here. Anyone who wants to be happy must work hard. Will anyone give his copy to me?

ANY ONE: It refers to things or one in number.

Any one of the two boys is allowed to go out. Any one of the bats will help me.

ANY: It is used in negative and Interrogative sentences.

Ex: Do you have any problem if I call you at night?  I don't have any problem. Do you love any letter? I love, but I don't have any.

SOME: It is used in affirmative sentence and Interrogative sentence expressing command.

Ex: Mother gave me some chocolates to share with my friends. I bought some story books from the fair. Could you lend me some money? (Please lend me some money).

Simple sentence

                     SIMPLE SENTENCE

A simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb, though it may have more non- finite verbs. Finite verb denotes an action complete. It is limited to tense, person and number.

Non finite verb denotes an action not complete it is not limited to tense, person and number.

Rajesh is an honest boy. He does not tell a lie. There are two simple sentences. These two sentences can be joined into one simple sentence.

Being an honest boy, Rajesh does not tell a lie.
'Being' is a non-finite verb. Subject is Rajesh. Tell is finite verb. Hence it is a simple sentence.

To say the truth, he is great scientist. 'To say' is a non-finite verb. 'Is' is a finite verb. Subject is 'He'. Hence it is a simple sentence.


RULES TO FORM SIMPLE SENTENCES

A) Am/ is / are/ was/ were becomes BEING:

He is a simple man. He does not like quarrel.
SIMPLE: Being a simple man, he does not like quarrel.

But if the two sentences have CONTRAST ' inspired of being' should be used'.

He is rich. He is not happy.
SIMPLE: In spite of being rich, he is not happy.

My brother was seriously injured. He went to join the meeting.
In spite of being seriously injured, my brother went to join the meeting.

DESPITE: In the place of in spite of we can use DESPITE. But after DESPITE of is not used.
Despite being seriously injured, my brother went to join the meeting.

B)First action  becomes PARTICIPLE. (VERB 1 + ING =PRESENT PARTICIPLE.)

I saw a tiger. I ran away.
SIMPLE: Seeing a tiger, I ran away.

The Hunter saw a lion coming. He lifted his gun.
SIMPLE: Seeing a lion coming, the hunter lifted his gun.

The baby saw a bird. It was flying in the sky.
SIMPLE: The baby saw a bird flying in the sky.

There is a chair in the room. The chai is broken.
SIMPLE: There is a broken chair in the room. (USE OF PAST PARTICIPLE)

The man finished his work. He left for home.
SIMPLE: Finishing his work, the man left for home.

C) BY USING INFINITIVE: (TO + VERB = INFINITIVE)

He went to Digha. His purpose was to visit the sea.
SIMPLE: He went to Digha to visit the sea. (PURPOSE)

I have some duties. I must perform them.
SIMPLE: I have some duties to perform.

The tea was very hot. I could not drink it.
SIMPLE: The tea was too hot for me to drink.

The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk.
SIMPLE: The tea is too hot to be drunk.
Too....in place of so / very
To ......in place of that.

He has no money. He cannot buy his bread.
SIMPLE: He has no money to buy his bread.

I couldn't attend his birthday party. I had no time.
SIMPLE: I had no time to attend his birthday party.


ADJECTIVE/ ADVERB + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE

He is very strong. He can work for long five hours without a rest.
SIMPLE: He is strong enough to work for long five hours without a rest.

The sum very easy. Even a child can solve this.
SIMPLE: The sum is easy enough even for a child to solve this.

D) BY USING APPOSITION:

Rabindranath Tagore is a famous Bengali poet. He won the Nobel prize in literature.
SIMPLE: Rabindranath, a famous Bengali poet, won
the Nobel prize in literature.

The Excalibur was a magic sword. King Arthur gave it to one of his trusted knights.
King Arthur gave the Excalibur, a magic sword, to one of his trusted knights.
Or: The Excalibur, a magic sword, was given to one of his trusted knights by King Arthur.

We visited the Taj Mahal. It is a monument in Agra.
SIMPLE: We visited the Taj Mahal, a monument in Agra.

E) BY USING ADVERB OR ADVERBIAL PHRASES:

He died at an early age. It was unfortunate.
SIMPLE: Unfortunately he died at an early age.

The principal will not come today. It is certain.
SIMPLE: Certainly the principal will not come today.

The sun set. The workers left for their homes.
SIMPLE: The workers left for their homes at the sun set.

F) BY USING NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE:

The sun rose. The fog disappeared.
SIMPLE: The sun having risen, the fog disappeared. ( Two parts of the sentence are not connected with each other grammatically)

The weather proved fine. We set out our journey.
SIMPLE: The weather having proved fine, we set out our journey.

 The gate was closed. The children couldn't enter the garden.
SIMPLE: The gate having been closed, the children couldn't enter the garden.

It was very cold outside. I couldn't go for the evening walk.
Being it very cold outside, I couldn't go for the evening walk.

H) BY USING PREPOSITION WITH NOUN OR GERUNDS

Mr. Das was a very good scientist. He was also a philosopher.
SIMPLE: Besides being a very good scientist, Mr.Das was a philosopher.

He worked hard. He didn't sleep for a minute.
SIMPLE: He worked hard without sleeping for a minute.

He accepted my proposal. He did it happily.
SIMPLE: He accepted my proposal with happiness.
He heard of failure. He fainted.
SIMPLE: On hearing of my fair, he fainted.